The relevance of this study stems from the fundamental importance of population dynamics and its age-sex structure, as these parameters shape human potential and significantly influence national security. The purpose of this article is to analyze scientific facts and provide the author’s interpretation of existing patterns in the current age-sex structure of the population, primarily in Russia and its regions. The object of the study is the age-sex structure of the population in a number of countries, including regions of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study concerns the gender aspect of the age-sex structure of the population. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the confirmation of the conclusion that the age-sex structure of both federal districts and the largest constituent entities of the Russian Federation is heterogeneous. The article reveals that these territories are characterized by varying levels of demographic aging and significant gaps in the sex ratio. The article demonstrates that the majority of the most populous constituent entities of the Russian Federation are characterized by a surplus of women, which necessitates effective social policy. Thus, the formation
of a new gender order becomes the most important focus of such social policy.
