EDN: https://elibrary.ru/qtoram
DOI: 10.21064/WinRS.2025.2.5
The article, using archival materials from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan, examines issues related to the solution of the women’s question in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the 20s—30s of the 20th century. Decrees of the Soviet government, directives, resolutions of the Dagestan Central Executive Committee and Council of People’s Commissars, the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, NKVD circulars, reports of women’s departments, and decisions of the All-Dagestan Congresses of Soviets are analyzed. An analysis of the documents showed that the activities of state and party bodies of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were aimed at ensuring equality and “emancipation” of mountain women, a targeted fight was waged against archaic adats and Sharia traditions, and gender boundaries were removed. The socio-political situation, the high level of religiosity in society, the patriarchal foundations of the family and the propaganda of antiSoviet sentiments had a negative impact on the results of the work carried out. The authors concluded that the solution to the women’s issue in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was not worked out theoretically by the Bolsheviks; in practice, the work carried out on the emancipation of the female population was reduced to the unification of forms and methods, and national specificity, traditions and customs of the people were leveled. Contrary to the decrees of the party organs, adat-sharia traditions continued to exist, passing into latent forms. In difficult conditions, a restructuring of consciousness took place not only among family members and society, but also among the mountain women themselves.